Profile and quality of life of women in pelvic floor rehabilitation / Perfil y calidad de vida de mujeres en rehabilitación del piso pélvico / Perfil e qualidade de vida de mulheres em reabilitação do assoalho pélvico

ABSTRACT Objective: Describe the sociodemographic, clinical, and sexual profile, identify profile variables that affect the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), and evaluate the correlation between two HRQoL questionnaires used in a pelvic floor rehabilitation program. Method: This is an observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study, based on patient records and two questionnaires for HRQoL evaluation. Results: Women presented a mean age of 55.4 years; were married; white; had stress, urge, or mixed urinary incontinence (UI) of moderate to large urine release; and daily or diurnal UI. Only 50.5% had an active sex life and most had sexual complaints. The change in sexual activity and some types of UI affected the HRQoL. The two questionnaires presented a correlation. Conclusion: The profile and correlation between the questionnaires are consistent with the literature. The type of UI and changes in sexual activity affect the HRQoL.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir el perfil sociodemográfico, clínico y sexual; identificar variables del perfil que interfieren en la Calidad de Vida Relacionada a la Salud (CVRS) y evaluar correlación entre dos cuestionarios de CVRS usados en un Programa de Rehabilitación del Piso Pélvico. Método: Estudio observacional, analítico, transversal, basado en fichas de atención y en dos cuestionarios de evaluación de CVRS. Resultados: La media etaria de las mujeres era de 55,4 años, casadas, blancas, con incontinencia urinaria (IU) de esfuerzo, de urgencia o mixta, con pérdidas urinarias de moderada a gran cantidad, diarias y diurnas. Solo 50,5% llevaba vida sexual activa. La mayoría expresaba quejas sexuales. El cambio en la actividad sexual y algunos tipos de IU afectaron la CVRS. Los cuestionarios demostraron correlación. Conclusión: El perfil y la correlación entre ambos cuestionarios concuerdan con la literatura. El tipo de UI y los cambios en la actividad sexual afectan la CVRS.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o perfil sociodemográfico, clínico e sexual, identificar variáveis do perfil que interferem na Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde (QVRS) e avaliar correlação entre dois questionários de QVRS usados em um Programa de Reabilitação do Assoalho Pélvico. Método: Estudo observacional, analítico e transversal, com base em fichas de atendimento e dois questionários de avaliação da QVRS. Resultados: As mulheres possuíam idade média de 55,4 anos, eram casadas, brancas, tinham incontinência urinária (IU) de esforço, de urgência ou mista, com perdas urinárias de moderada a grande quantidade, diárias e diurnas. Apenas 50,5% tinham vida sexual ativa e a maioria apresentava queixas sexuais. A mudança na atividade sexual e alguns tipos de IU afetaram a QVRS. Os dois questionários apresentaram correlação. Conclusão: O perfil e a correlação entre os questionários condizem com a literatura. Tipo de IU e mudança na atividade sexual afetam a QVRS.

Fortalecimiento de la musculatura del piso pélvico en gestantes en control en un centro de salud familiar: un estudio experimental / Strengthening of the pelvic floor muscles in control pregnant women in a family health center: an experimental study

ANTECEDENTES: Aunque la presencia de disfunciones del piso pélvico es más prevalente en mujeres adultas de avanzada edad, durante el embarazo o post parto se puede presentar incontinencia urinaria (IU), siendo la de esfuerzo (IUE) la más común en este período. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el efecto del entrenamiento de la musculatura del piso pélvico (EMPP) en gestantes controladas en el Centro de Salud Familiar de la comuna de Yerbas Buenas, durante el año 2016. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio piloto cuasi-experimental en gestantes entre 20 y 40 anos, atendidas en Atención Primaria de Salud. Muestra piloto: 20 gestantes (20 a 28 semanas de gestación). Se les evaluó la fuerza de la musculatura pélvica (FMP) mediante Escala de Oxford Modificada al inicio y luego de 8 semanas de EMPP, además se midieron las características socio-bio-demográficas, antecedentes mórbidos y obstétricos, hábitos y la sintomatología urinaria, lo que fue medido utilizando el International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short-Form (ICIQ-SF). RESULTADOS: El 50% de las gestantes refirió IU durante el embarazo, siendo en el 95% IUE. No se relacionó la paridad, tipo de parto y EN con menor FMP. El EMPP mejoró significativamente la FMP de las gestantes (p<0,05) CONCLUSIONES: La IUE fue la DPP más prevalente en las gestantes. Es posible mejorar la FMP en gestantes con el EMPP, por tanto, se debería considerar su incorporación a las prestaciones del sistema público de salud como una acción de promoción de la salud sexual y reproductiva, ya que es una intervención de bajo costo y baja complejidad.

BACKGROUND: Although pelvic floor dysfunctions are more prevalent in older adult women, urinary incontinence may be present during pregnancy or postpartum, with stress incontinence (SUI) being the most common in this period. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of pelvic floor muscle training on pregnant women attended in a family health center in Yerbas Buenas, Chile, in 2016. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Pilot quasi-experimental study in pregnant women, aged between 20 and 40, attending a primary health care center. Pilot sample: 20 pregnant women (20 to 28 weeks). Pelvic muscle strength was assessed by Modified Oxford Scale at the beginning of the study and then after 8 weeks of exercising. Socio-and bio-demographic characteristics, morbidity and obstetric history, habits, and urinary symptoms were assessed using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short-Form (ICIQ-SF). RESULTS: 50% of the women presented urinary incontinence during pregnancy, with 95% of them suffering from stress incontinence. Parity, type of delivery and nutritional status did not relate to lower pelvic musculature strength. Pelvic floor muscle training significantly improved the women's pelvic muscle strength (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Stress urinary incontinence was the most prevalent pelvic floor dysfunction in pregnant women. It is possible to improve pelvic muscle strength in pregnant women through pelvic floor muscle training; therefore, their inclusion into the public health system should be considered as an action to promote sexual and reproductive health, since it is a low-cost and low-complexity intervention.

Perineal Massage Improves the Dyspareunia Caused by Tenderness of the Pelvic Floor Muscles / Massagem perineal melhora a dispareunia causada por tensão dos músculos do assoalho pélvico

ABSTRACT Aim: To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of perineal Thiele massage in the treatment of women with dyspareunia caused by tenderness of the pelvic floor muscles. Methods: A total of 18 women with diagnoses of dyspareunia caused by tenderness of the pelvic floor muscles were included in the study. The women were divided in two groups: the dyspareunia (D) group - 8 women with dyspareunia caused by tenderness of the pelvic floor muscles; and the chronic pelvic pain group (CPP) group - 10 women with dyspareunia caused by tenderness of the pelvic floor muscles associated with CPP. Each patient filled out the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the McGill Pain Index, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). After an evaluation, the women underwent transvaginal massage using the Thiele technique over a period of 5 minutes, once a week for 4 weeks. Results: All women had significant improvements in their dyspareunia according the VAS and the McGill Pain Index (p < 0,001), but the HADS scores did not show significant differences. Regarding sexual function, the D group showed improvements on all aspects of sexual function, while the CPP group showed differences only in the pain domain. Conclusion: Thiele massage is effective in the treatment of dyspareunia caused by tenderness of the pelvic floor muscles with a long-term pain relief.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia em longo prazo da massagem perineal de Thiele no tratamento de mulheres com dispareunia provocada pela tensão dos músculos do assoalho pélvico. Métodos: Foram incluídos no estudo dezoito mulheres com diagnóstico de dispareunia provocada pela tensão dos músculos do assoalho pélvico. As mulheres foram divididas em dois grupos: o grupo dispareunia (D) - 8 mulheres com dispareunia causada pela tensão dos músculos do assoalho pélvico; e o grupo de dor pélvica crônica (DPC): 10 mulheres com dispareunia causada pela tensão dos músculos do assoalho pélvico associados à DPC. Cada paciente preencheu Escala Visual Analógica (EVA), Índice de Dor de McGill, Índice de Função Sexual Feminino (IFSF) e Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (EHAD). Após a avaliação, as mulheres foram submetidas a massagem transvaginal utilizando a técnica de Thiele ao longo de um período de 5 minutos, 1 vez por semana durante 4 semanas. Resultados: Todas as mulheres tiveram melhora significativa da dispareunia de acordo com a EVA e o Índice de Dor de McGill (p < 0,001), mas na pontuação do EHAD não mostraram diferenças significativas. Em relação à função sexual, o grupo D apresentou melhora de todos os aspectos da função sexual, enquanto o grupo DPC mostrou diferenças apenas no domínio dor. Conclusão: A massagem perineal de Thiele é eficaz no tratamento da dispareunia causada pela tensão dos músculos do assoalho pélvico, com alívio da dor a longo prazo.

Noxious electrical stimulation of the pelvic floor and vagina induces transient voiding dysfunction in a rabbit survival model of pelvic floor dystonia

PURPOSE: Existing data supports a relationship between pelvic floor dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms. We developed a survival model of pelvic floor dysfunction in the rabbit and evaluated cystometric (CMG), electromyographic (EMG) and ambulatory voiding behavior. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve female adult virgin rabbits were housed in metabolic cages to record voiding and defecation. Anesthetized CMG/EMG was performed before and after treatment animals (n=9) received bilateral tetanizing needle stimulation to the pubococcygeous (PC) muscle and controls (n=3) sham needle placement. After 7 days all animals were subjected to tetanizing transvaginal stimulation and CMG/EMG. After 5 days a final CMG/EMG was performed. RESULTS: Of rabbits that underwent needle stimulation 7 of 9 (78%) demonstrated dysfunctional CMG micturition contractions versus 6 of 12 (50%) after transvaginal stimulation. Needle stimulation of the PC musculature resulted in significant changes in: basal CMG pressure, precontraction pressure change, contraction pressure, interval between contractions and postvoid residual; with time to 3rd contraction increased from 38 to 53 minutes (p=0.008 vs. prestimulation). Vaginal noxious stimulation resulted in significant changes in: basal CMG pressure and interval between contractions; with time to 3rd contraction increased from 37 to 46 minutes (p=0.008 vs. prestimulation). Changes in cage parameters were primarily seen after direct needle stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: In a majority of animals, tetanizing electrical stimulation of the rabbit pelvic floor resulted in voiding changes suggestive of pelvic floor dysfunction as characterized by a larger bladder capacity, longer interval between contractions and prolonged contraction duration.

Urinary incontinence in pregnant women and its relation with socio-demographic variables and quality of life / Incontinência urinária na gravidez e sua relação com as variáveis sociodemográficas e qualidade de vida

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the occurrence of urinary incontinency (UI) in pregnantwomen and its relationship with socio-demographic variables and quality of life. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted to investigate 495 women using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-SF). The survey was conducted on the same day of delivery, with the volunteers still in the maternity ward. Statistical analysis of the comparison between groups 1 (incontinence) and 2 (continent) was done using chi-square test for comparison of proportions of women with and without urinary incontinency and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: From the total of 495 women studied, 352 (71%) reported having had UI during the last four weeks of pregnancy. Group 1 presented the ICIQ-SF median score of 11 (range 3- 21), considered as severe impact in quality of life. Logistic regression analysis showed that there was a closer relation between the self-report of UI with the following variables: level of education below 8 years (OR: 2.99; p < 0.001), black women (OR: 2.32; p= 0.005), women with more than 3 children (OR: 4.93; p < 0.001), obese (OR: 4.22; p < 0.001) and normal vaginal delivery (OR: 2.59; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The majority of pregnantwomen have UI, negatively affecting the quality of their lives.

OBJETIVO: Investigar a ocorrência de incontinência urinária (IU) em mulheres grávidas, e a relação com variáveis sociodemográficas e a qualidade de vida. MÉTODOS: Estudo multicêntrico do tipo descritivo, transversal, a fim de verificar por meio do International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire -Short Form (ICIQ-SF) a IU e m 495 mulheres. Os dados foram coletados no dia do parto, nas maternidades elegidas. A comparação das proporções entre os grupos 1 (incontinente) e 2 (continente) foi realizada pelo teste de qui-quadrado e a verificação das variáveis que mais se associavam com a IU por análise de regressão logística. RESULTADOS: No total 71,11% (352) apresentaram IU durante as últimas quatro semanas de gestação. O grupo 1 apresentou escore do ICIQ-SF de 12,11 (min. = 3e máx. = 21), considerado severo impacto na qualidade de vida. Na análise multivariada de regressão logística encontramos maior relacão entre o relato de IU com as seguintes variáveis: escolaridade abaixo de 8 anos (OR: 2,99; p < 0,001), raça negra (OR: 2,32; p= 0,005), mulheres com mais de 3 filhos (OR: 4,93; p < 0,001), obesas (OR: 4,22; p < 0,001) e parto normal (OR: 2,59; p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A maioria das mulheres tinha IU, afetando sua qualidade de vida negativamente.